Internal combustion engine with reciprocating blades



R. A. BABEL 2,053,017

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH RECIPROCATING BLADE Sept. l, 1936.

.Filed Oct. 2l, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 A 7mm/fm.

R. A. BABE-:L 2,053,017

Sept. l, 1936.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH RECIPROCATING BLADE Filed Oct. 2l,1933.- 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Affe/swim Sept. 1, 1936. R. A. BABEL 2,053,017V

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH RECIPROCATING BLADE Filed oct. 21,1955 l6 sheets-sheet s mf v Mahay- Sept 1, 1936. R, A BABEL 2,053,017

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH RECIPROCATING BLADE.

Filed oct. 21, 1953 e sheets-sheet 4 R. A, BABEL INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGNE WITH RECIPROCATINGBiLADE Sept. l, 1936.

Fild oct. 21, 1935 -6 shets-sh'eet 5 'Sept}--1;51936'/ .MBABEL 2,053,017

v NTERNAL coMBUsT'IoN ENGI'NE WITH REClVPRocATING BLADE Filed oct. 21,1953 e sheets-sheet 6 www Patented Sept. l, 1936 PATENT oFFlcE.CIUBUSTIGN ENGINE WITH RECIPBOCATING BLADES Raymond Alexandre Babel,Clichy, France .Application october .21, 19ss,iseri.1N6..e94,6-47

J-In Franceoctober r22; 19,32

`f o'clsims, (cms-42) The present 4:invention relates to' internal:combustion engines of the blade type.

.The object of the present :invention :is :togprovide an internal`combustion engine 4of `tloeour :stroke vcycle @type comprising;essentially V:two chambers in which are disposed twordiametral .blades1adapted .toY 'move with a reciprocating .angular motion, :sa-id bladesplaying 'the part of pistons :and 'being'.-xed to acommon hub.` The l@reciprocating rota-ry -motionzof :this `.hub is transiormed into facontinuous .rotary motion Athrough .suitable means, :for instancethrough a yconnecting rod or a series of )connecting rods .that :dri-vea crank disc :keyed .fon t:the :driven shaft of 15 Vi'fhe eng-ine. v v

VAll the workingparts -of -the .engine are cooled by means of a.suitablydevised'Watercireulation system.-

' This engine, which is periectly balanceddue 29 to the symmetricaldistribution of the Weight -of .the movable organs 1( diametrallyopposed :bla-des) 1 turther permits. of admitting a ,largev volume ofcarburetted mixture into the chambers at yeach strokewithout :involving:a .considerable weight d'5 or space occupied.Y v

-f AMy invention also relates to the assembling oi .theditferent partsvtotthe engine, .in order to `iacil-itxate its mamutactnring4 and itsf-mounting. Preferred embodiments of the,` present inven- :n tionwillibeherein-after described, with reerence tothe accompanying drawings,.given merely lby wayfof example, andin which; v

Fig. 1 is a general vertical sectional view of the engine on :thealineI-ffl of Eig...2 $5 Fig; 2 A.is-an.elevation-al .sectional viewon theli-ne 2--2 4-of Fig. l; i i Fig-s.v Sto 1-2 are-diagrammatical views`for illustrating :the-working of theengine according tothepresen-tim'ention';A u A y 40 Fig. 13 is a detail view;

'.Fig. lfiisragview of :another embodiment ci!V lthe transmission;

Eig. l5 .is a general view of .another embodiment of the engineaccordingwloI present :in-

.iventionz 1 Y. i

Fig. 16 is, 'on a .larger .scazlnn vertical sectional fview of 'theengine on the line 2| 6--416 of Fig. T7;

Figs. 18 and 19 are an elevational view and a plain view respectively oian embodiment 1of the ldevice for transforming the vreciprocating motioninto .continuous vrotary motion; :i5 Figs. .2101 and 21 are viewssniilarto Figs. .18

`and 19 respectively, :illustrating `another embodi- :ment Aof theinvention. 'Asshown .by the drawings, and especially Figs. 1 and `2, theinternal combustion engine according to the present inventionessentially com- 5 prises atcylindrica'l casing :l provided withpartitions 2 and 3 so as to form two chambers .4 and 5. 'In thesechambers Ycan move with a recipro- -cathig angular motion two 'bladesI(i and 1 diametrally opposed and xed toa common hub 28 '10concentrically positioned with respect to casing .l

The :cylindrical leasing consists of a .central :portion `9 :againstwhich are applied, on either side thereof, tvvotside plates .or:elements ID and lfl respectively. These side elements are pro- 15kvided with parts :I2 and `.I3 forming hearings adapted to receivethe.jo11rnals MB, 14h .of hub 8, which .turn in said bearings.

Partitions 2 and 3 consist of a 'kind .of tbox of suitable width inorder. that Vit may t exactly 20 between .side elements i9 and l0, as.shown more Vparticularly :on the lower portion `of Fig. 2.

:The longitudinal faces of these boxes, which are lsuitably xed .to .the.cylindrical casing l throughany suitable means, are curved asshown .25at 2a `and 3a in Fig. 1, and their .transversal faces :in contact withhub 8 iare .provided with jbrushes .or packing .members :15. .Saidpacking members ...consist of rectilinear at .elements inserted ingrooves `:provided in said faces, said elements be- 30 ing pushedoutwardly by springs I5a vinserted between the flat .elementsand thebottoms 4of the respective grooves. Packing members I6 are also providedat the endsnf .blades '.6 and T and also along their faces -35 Sincontact with side elements |10 and H as shown at |.T- in Fig. 2.

VA rod I8 connects one `of the journals of the vhub `(journal Mb forinstance) with the driven Ashaft ls with which it is coup1ea through an40 eccentric disc '20.

V".[he other journal Hl acts as an axis for a `set two cams 2| and '22rigidly connected together and free to rotate about said axis.

One of the side elements, I0, acts as a cylinder headand main for theadmission and exhaust gases. This element I0 is provided with the inletvalves 23 and the outlet valves 24 placed in valve chambers thatv openthrough orices 25 into 50 casing `I close to the concave portions ofpartitions 2 and 3.

Opposite these orifices are located the spark 4.plugs r26e, 26h, 26=,26d.

.Pipes .21 and 2,8 serve to feed gases `from carbu- V55 retter 21a tothe engine and to the exhaust, respectively.

Cams 2| and 22 are given a continuous rotary motion by driven shaft I9through any transmission means, such for instance as sprocket wheels 29and 29a, or gears.

A fly-wheel 30 helps the engine moving past the dead center points. Theratio of the radii of the cranks at the big end of the connecting rodand at the little end thereof respectively is so chosen that for a fullangular stroke of one of the blades in one direction the connecting rod"The big end is caused to rotatethrough 180". plugs are successivelyignited through a distributor 3|.

The working of the engine the chief features" of which have just beendescribed is as follows,

this working being described with particular ref-V erence to thediagrammatical views of Figs.

- As shown by these diagrammatical'views, each of the chambers 4 and 5is provided with two `plugs 26a, 261, 26, 26d, with two inlet valves23a,

23h-23, 23d and also two 246,241V .v Y, The engine works according tothe four stroke cycle.

When the engine is being started, a certain amount of gas has beencompressed in portion 5a of chamber 5 (Fig. 3). lPlug 26a then causesoutlet valves 24a, 24h- .these gases to be ignited and theexplosion of`the gases pushes blade 1 in the direction of arrow F, so as to bring itintothe position shown in Fig. 'I'. In the course of this movement,blade 6,

`due to its displacement in theI direction of arrow F1, has produced asuction in the portion 4a of chamber 4as shown in Fig. 5 whichcorresponds to an intermediate position of the blade, this suction`being made possible by the opening of the `in1et1valve23a (Figs. 4 and6). This opening of .the inlet valve is performed through' the action ofcam 2|,.which is moved angularly by the rotation ofzdriven `shaft I9.Figs. 5 and 6 clearly show howftakes place the opening of valve 23'which is again closed when blades 6 and 1 have reached theirextreme;positions shown in Fig. 7. In the course Vof the displacement of theblades cam 22, which is disposed at right angles to cam 2|, has openedexhaust valve 23h, thus permitting the gases compressed by blade 6 to bedriven `out (Fig. 6).

f In the courseof its displacementfblade 1 has compressed the gasespreviously admitted into chamber 5v and has accumulated them in theportion 5b of said chamber. At'the endV of the stroke of this blade, thegaseous mixture is ignited by plug 261? as shown in Fig. 7; theresulting exploision pushesblade11 in the direction of arrow F2.

Blade-,6 now moves inithe direction of arrow andvcompresses in portion4aof Vchamber 4 the gases previously admitted into said chamber v4, asshown in Fig.l 9. 1 On the contrary, the lgases burnt lin the course -ofthe preceding explosion in chamber 5 are drivenv out by plate1throughvalve v24c which has been opened by cam 22 in the course of itsrotation when vit has moved a:from the position shownin Fig'. 8 to theposition shown inFig.v 10. Y g, j Q

VIn the course of Vits displacement in the direction of arrow`F3,'blade6 has produced a suction in` chamber 4,l thus causing gases toenterthrough Avalve 23b opened by cam 2| At the end` of the stroke ofblade 6plug 26C produces a. spark which causes they explosion'of "thegases' compressed in chamber 4a andblade i thedriven .shaft toiturnthrough 180.

-1 and'2.

6 is pushed back in the direction of arrow F1. In the course of thismovement, it compresses in the portion 4b of chamber 4 the gasespreviously admitted through valve 23b and blade 1 drives out the gasesburnt in chamber 5 through valve 24d opened by cam 22. In the course ofthe displacement of said blade gases are drawn in through valvev 213CHopened by cam 2|.,A

At the end ofthe stroke of; bladeG, plug 26d causes the explosion of thegases, thus pushing v,back said blade in the direction of arrow F's andI'the cycle is repeated, thus producing successively suction,compression, explosion, and exhaust.

vit has been above explained and as it can tions |a and Ib-formngan-annular chamber aty 32. Saidchamberruns over theperiphery of the Ycasing landV is provided with an outlet orifice 33, sadmwater beingadmitted through orifice 34 opening into a chamber provided on thecasing and into which-Water is fed through orifice 36. Y The water fedthrough orifice 34 also serves to cool partitions 2 and 3. The latterare hollow vas shown by Figs. yand 2-. They are connected vto annularchamber 32 through an orice 31.

Side elements lIl) and are provided, Ain their thickness, with annularconduitsv 38 and 39 through which -flowscooling water fed throughorifice's40'provided'in the walls of theside elements' and of partitionsZand 3; asshown inrFigs.

Blades 6 and 1 and als'o'their hub 8 are-also 4suitably cooled as willbe hereinafter described. Each of'l the journals |42, |4b is providedwith a central conduit 40246".Y One of these conduits is connected tothe water inlet and the other one to thewater'outlet.

Blades 6 and 1 are hollow as' shown in Figs. 1

vand 2, the hollow -within each lof them being provided with amiddle-partition located in line withv afpartiti'on' 42 provided insidehub 8;

The cooling water coming in through conduit "40a for instancey isdirectedby partition 42 into blades 6 and 1 through orifices v143. water*therefore ows through the blades according to the path indicated'bythe' arrows'of Fig. 2, and

after cooling said blades itfflows out through conduity40b. l'

"f At the same time as it ows into blades 6 and 1 the incoming wateralso fills chambers 44 and 45' provided in h'ub'8 and' thus cools 'theouter surface of said hubgfl The cooling water penetrates into chambersMvand .45 through holes 46 (Figs. rl Vand 2). j yOwing to thisarrangement,.it is clear that all vthe surfaces-thatmight become toomuch heated by friction are suitably cooled, as well forW the casing asfor the blades and` their hub.

A particularly interesting method of tting v.the bladeson the hub hasbeen shown by way'of example iIil Fig. 13,

`whieh'hds been provided the middle partiiion'lz, Q75

and of twoside members 49 fixed to said central mass A46 and which areintegral `with journals Ida, llh. This mass 46 is provided on the onehand with holes 43 through which the cooling water flows as aboveexplained and, -on the other hand, with holes lll in which are engagedstuds 48 fixed to blades 6 and I and serving to iix them to the centralmass 46..

Said part i5 is provided 4with recesses 46a as shown in Figs. 1 .and `13in which fit the inner ends of blades 6 and 1,.

After the blades have been fixed :to part 46, the two side members 49are applied laterally .against said part d, said members 49'beingthemselves provided with recesses 50 in which the blades can beinserted.

Members 49 are xed by means of bolts '5l (Figs. 1 and 2) the wholeforming a mechanical structure that is easy to manufacture.

It has been above explained that the reciprocating movement of theblades is transformed into a continuous .circular movement by theconnecting rod i8 coupled with shaft I9.

nAccording to another embodiment of the present invention, .thismovement is obtained by means of two connecting Vrods `5I-`52 (Fig. 141)pivoted to a pivoting element 53 itself keyed von the shaft .thatcarries the blades (journal 1.45)

The big .ends of the connecting rods `are each connected to a crank disc513L 54h, respectively, a pinion 55-56 being keyed on 'the shaft of eachvof these discs respectively. Both of these pinions mesh with a thirdpinion 51 which is Vkeyed on the driven shaft I9.

It will lbe readily understood that this arrangement makes it possibleto obtain an accurate balancing, the connecting rods workingsynchronously and symmetrically with respect to each other.

In the case in which the movement 'is to y-be transmitted through asingle connecting rod, it is possible to vary the rate of compression byradially displacing the point at which the little end of the connectingrod is pivoted to the member angularly xed to the shaft of the blades.`It is thus possible to adjust the stroke of the blades.

A very simple embodiment of this idea, given merely by way of example,consists in fixing the little end of the connecting rod fin an elongatedslot in which the axis -of the articulation can be displaced andadjustably fixed, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 14.

In the -embodiment of the `engine shown in Figs. 16 and 1'7, the watercirculation system for cooling blades `6 and 'l and their hub 8 is madeas follows:

A `central vconduit 6D serves to feed the cooling water in the directionof the arrows 6I. Said water is distributed, on the one hand, throughapertures 62, to the inside of `blades 6 `and 1 and, on the other hand,through apertures 63 to chambers Bil provided in the mass of hub 6.

Partitions i provided as it has been above described compel the incomingwater toy follow the path of travel indicated by arrows 65 (Fig. 16),thus ensuring a perfect cooling of each of the blades. The water is thenevacuated through orifices 66 opening into an annular chamber 61 and itis finally drawn in by the water circulation pump connected to pipe 68.

The water that has cooled the hub escapes from chambers 64 throughorices 69 which also open into annular chamber 67.

The cooling of the casing forming the two chambers in which the bladesmove is ensured as above described. Orices 'l0 provided in the'partitions 2 and 3 `that separate said two chambers permit vthe iiow ofcooling water passing through conduits or recesses such as H and 'l2provided in end elements IB and ii.

Furthermore, chambers 'i3 and 'l-i, disposed `concentrically aroundchambers Il and 5 (Fig. 17) ensure the full cooling of said chambers land 5. Owing to the fact that the cooling water is fed and evacuated onthe same side of the casing, Aas `shown at 6: and 68, it is possible todispose fly-wheel 30 in line with the shaft of the blades, as shown inFig. l5, said fly-wheel being .for instance keyed on shaft "i5 (Figs. 15and 16) Said shaft l5 is connected in any suitable manner to shaft 76,which is given an angular and reciprocating movement by blades 6 and i.

Figs. 18 to 21 show an embodiment of this :connection which must furtherpermit the transformation of the reciprocating angular movement of shaft1.5 into a continuous rotary movement of shaft i5.

According to a first embodiment shown in Figs. 18 and 19 thistransformation of the movement is .obtained by means of a suitablesystem of connecting rods. At the end of shaft i6 there is keyed a crankdisc 'Il carrying two crank pins -'FS disposed along opposite radii ofsaid disc. On said crank pins are mounted connecting rods 18a- 29a theother ends of which are pivoted respectively to the crank pins 85-31 oftwo crank dises Sila-Bie, the shafts 8gb-81h of which turn in acontinuous manner in stationary bearings. These shafts further carryother crank discs Y{n- 183e the crank Vpins 82-83 of which are connectedtogether by a common rod 84 the ends of which .are pivoted about saidcrank pins ail-S3 respectively. The middle of said commo-n rod 84 isy:pivoted about the crank pin S6 of a crank disc 81 keyed on the drivenshaft l5.

It wil-l be readily understood that the angular displacements of disc 'icause discs 85)a and Sie to rotate and -to transmit their movement todisc 187i (keyed von shaft l5) through the common connecting rod 84pivoted about crank pin 85.

Accor-.ding to another' embodiment shown in Figs. 20 and 21, connectingrod 84 is replaced by a set `of gears such as SB-BQ-QD, the central gear89 being keyed on shaft i5 instead of disc 8l'. The central gear S9might also be replaced by a wheel 89a having inwardly projecting teeth,which permits of obtaining a greater reduction.

Figs. 18' to 21 are diagrammatical views intended to facilitate theperfect understanding of the ma-nner in which the device works, butFigure 1-6 shows how shafts '56 :and 'i5 can be arranged. .It will beseen that, in order to perfectly center them it is advantageous toprovide Ia prolonged .part 15a of shaft i5 and to engage -it in .ahousing i5a provided in shaft l5.

While I have described what I deem to be practical and efhcientembodiments of my invention, it should be well understood that I do notwish to be limited thereto as there might be changes made in thearrangement, disposition and form of the parts without departing fromthe principle of my invention as comprehended within the scope of theappended claims.

What I claim is:

l. In a structure including two shafts, a device for transforming thereciprocating angular motion of one shaft into a continuous rotarymotion of the other shaft, which comprises, in combination, a crankmember fixed to said first mentioned shaft transversely theretoextending on either side of said first mentioned shaft, two connectingrods pivoted to said crank member at points thereof located on eitherside of said first mentioned shaft respectively and in` the same plane,two cranks, crank pins for said cranks respectively pivotally connectedto the other ends of said connecting rods respectively, and means foroperatively connecting both of said cranks with said second mentionedshaft.

2. In a structure including two parallel shafts, a device fortransforming the reciprocating angular movement of one of said shaftsinto a continuous rotary movement of the other shaft, which comprises,in combination, a double crank member keyed on the rst mentioned shafttransversely thereto, two crank pins on said crank member located oneither side of said first mentioned shaft, two shaft elements parallelto the first mentioned shaft and located on either side thereof so thatthe axes of these two shaft elements and of the rst mentioned shaft arelocated in the same plane, a crank keyed on each of these shaftelements, a crank pin on each of these last mentioned cranks, aconnecting rod connecting each crank pin of said double crank memberwith one of said last mentioned crank pins respectively, and means forangularly connecting both of the two lastfmentioned shaft members withthe second mentioned shaft. Y

3. In a structure including two parallel shafts, a device fortransforming the reciprocating angular movement of one of said shaftsinto a continuous rotary movement of the other shaft, which comprises,in combination, a double crank member keyed on the first mentioned shafttransversely thereto, two crank pins on said crank member located oneither sid-e of said first mentioned shaft, two shaft elements parallelto the first mentioned shaft and located on either sideY thereof sothatthe axes of these two shaft elements and of the first mentioned shaftare located in the same plane, a crank keyed on each of theseshaftelements, Va crank pin on each of these last mentioned cranks, aconnecting rod connecting each crank pin of said double crank member toone of said last mentioned crank pinsl respectively, another crank keyedon each of these shaft elements, and means for connecting both of thetwo last mentioned cranks vto the second mentioned shaft.

4. In a structure including two parallel shafts, a device fortransforming the reciprocating angular movement of one of said shaftsintoV a continuous rotary movement of the other shaft, which comprises,in combination, a double crank member keyed on the first mentioned shafttransversely thereto, two crank pins on said crank member located oneither side of said rst mentioned shaft, two shaft elements parallel tothe first mentioned shaft and located on either side thereof so that theaxes of these two shaft elements and of the first mentioned shaft are1o- `cated in the same plane, a crank keyed on each ofthese shaftelements, va crank pin .on each of vthese last mentioned cranks, aconnecting rod connecting each crankv pin of said double crankmember'with one .of said last mentioned crank pins respectively, anothercrank keyed on each of these shaft elements, a crank pin onreach of.

'the two last mentioned cranks, a connectingrod tioned shaft, two shaftelements parallel to the first mentioned shaft and located onreitherside thereof so that the axes of these two shaft elements and of thefirst mentioned shaft are located in the same plane, a crank disc keyedYon each of these shaft elements, a crank pin on each of these crankdiscs, a connecting rodrconnecting a'crank p-inof said double crankmember with one of said Vlast mentioned crank pins respectively, anothercrank disc keyed on each of these shaft-elements, a crank pin on each ofthe two last mentioned crank discs, a crank disc keyed on the secondmentioned shaft, a crank pin on 35 the last mentioned crank disc, and aconnecting .rod pivotally connected to the three last mentioned crankkdiscs aboutY the crank pins thereof. 6. In a structure including twoshaftsrin line with each other, a device for transforming the shaftsinto a continuous rotary movement of the other shaft, which comprises,in combination, a

Ydouble crank member'keyed on the rst mentioned shafttransverselythereto, two crank pins on said .crank member located .on either side ofreciprocating angular movement of one of saidio' said first mentionedshaft, two shaft elements parallel to the first mentioned shaft andlocated on either side thereof so that the axes of these vtwo shaftelements and of thefirst mentioned shaft are located in the same plane,a crank keyed on each of these shaft elements, a crank pin on each .ofthese last mentioned cranks,a connecting rod connecting. a crank pin ofsaid double crank member to one of the two last mentioned crank pinsrespectively, a toothed Ywheel keyed on each of these shaft elements,and a toothed wheel keyed to the second mentioned shaft and, meshingwith both of these toothed wheels, for connecting both of these shaftele- Y ments with said second mentioned shaft.

RAYMOND ALEMNDRE BABEL.

